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The novel coronavirus, namely SARS-CoV-2, emerged from central China in December 2019 and then spread rapidly worldwide. It has infected hundreds of thousands of people and killed several thousand thus far. The illness caused by this coronavirus is called COVID-19 and has been declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. Although a series of existing drugs have shown some promise in treating COVID-19, there is currently no approved medication that treat this disease. In this focus-review, we aim to summarize the available literature on the potential usefulness of existing drugs against COVID-19.
Lactams are essential functional groups in a number of pharmacologically and biologically active compounds. They are widely found in many natural products, marketed drugs, as well as in the base of polymeric structures (e.g., polyamides/Nylons). In this context, it is quite important to develop novel and efficient methods for the synthesis of these compounds. Recently, intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling reactions of amino alcohols, which generate only hydrogen as a side product, have emerged as one of the most versatile and powerful synthetic strategies to construct lactam rings. In the present review we will discuss recent advances on this chemistry with the emphasis on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions.
Many advancing aspects of technology and science are in the field of nanotechnology, in which levels and interfaces are of particular importance in determining the performance and usage. One related application in which interactions play an important role is the synthesis of drugs. Nanotechnology and nanodelivery are comparatively modern procedure and rapidly evolving science that uses nanoscale materials to be used as diagnostic systems or delivery of therapeutic drugs to particular aimed address in a controlled sites manner. Also drug infiltration through cell membranes is a modern challenge. Since Nano boron nitride has unique properties, it is one of the most promising mineral nanostructures ever explored. In this review, all the practical aspects of boron atoms in drug delivery and andnanostructured drugs are surveyed and the nano-boron nitride application is taken in review much more.
(Hetero)aryl thiocyanates have been extensively used as dyes, insecticides, vulcanization accelerators, and building blocks in the synthesis of diverse organosulfur compounds. Therefore, development of novel, efficient, and practical methods for their synthesis has always been the important topic in organic synthesis. Recently, direct thiocyanation of (hetero)aromatic C-H bonds using inexpensive and easily available ammonium thiocyanate has attracted considerable attention from the organic synthesis community, because no pre-functionalization of the starting materials is required and therefore the hazardous waste streams are significantly reduced. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries and developments in this interesting field by hoping it will inspire and stimulate further research on the topic.
In this paper, the detection of alprazolam by fullerene (C20) was studied by infra-red (IR), frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and natural bond orbital (NBO) computations. All of the computations were done by density functional theory method in the B3LYP/6-31G (d) level of theory. The calculated adsorption energies, Gibbs free energy changes and thermodynamic constants showed alprazolam adsorption is experimentally possible, spontaneous and irreversible. The calculated values of enthalpy changes and specific heat capacity demonstrated AP interaction with fullerene is exothermic and C20 can be used as a recognition element for the construction of a new thermal sensor for detection of alprazolam. The DOS spectrums showed the bandgap of fullerene decreased from 7.190 eV to 4.460 eV (%-37.9) in the alprazolam adsorption process and this nanostructure is a good electroactive sensing material for development of novel electrochemical sensors for alprazolam determination. Some important structural parameters including chemical hardness, chemical potential, electrophilicity, maximum charge capacity and the dipole moment of alprazolam in the adsorption process was also investigated.
A new poly (N-methyl pyrrole-co-pyrrole) (P-NMPy-co-Py) coated flexible polyester fiber was provided by chemically-deposition of P-NMPy-co-Py on the surface of polyester fiber in the mixed electrolytes of sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS) and FeCl3 (as an oxidant). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for characterization of morphology, size, porosity and composition of synthesized copolymer. The nanosized and spheral P-NMPy-co-Py particles are observed according to the SEM results. The P-NMPy-co-Py fiber was employed to extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in yogurt samples as an extractor. An experimental design was utilized to optimize operational parameters that affect the analysis of VOCs in yogurt samples using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in the pre-concentration step. Some parameters including, sample pH, temperature, ionic strength (NaCl percent W/W %) were optimized. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was used for separation, detection and quantitation of VOCs. Results show that P-NMPy-co-Py modified polyester fiber is provided fast and easily by chemical method and is suitable for the successful extraction of the VOCs from yogurt samples.