Eurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01232120210201Electrochemical double carboxylation of unsaturated C-C bonds with carbon dioxide: An overview2812756610.22034/jchemlett.2021.275293.1023ENNavid SalehiDepartment of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranBayan AziziCollege of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan region of IraqJournal Article20210226In this review, we try to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of recent advances on the synthesis of dicarboxylic acids through electrochemical decarboxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide. We have classified these reactions based on the type of starting materials. Thus, the review is divided into three major sections. The first section will cover dicarboxylation of alkenes. The second focuses exclusively on dicarboxylation of dienes. The third will discuss dicarboxylation of alkynes.https://www.jchemlett.com/article_127566_071e3e5a7b151adb446cc7f780127cc6.pdfEurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01232120210201Experimental Modelling Studies on the removal of crystal violet, methylene blue and malachite green dyes using Theobroma cacao (Cocoa Pod Powder).92413020110.22034/jchemlett.2021.272842.1020ENDaniel OmeodisemiOmokpariolaDepartment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria0000-0003-1360-4340Journal Article20210211The adsorption characteristics of basic dyes (crystal violet, CV), (methylene blue, MB) and (malachite green, MG) using Theobroma cacao (Cocoa pod powder), an alternative adsorbent were evaluated. Batch experiments were carried out by varying parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature. The optimal conditions for the adsorption of CV, MB and MG on Cocoa pod powder, CCP were found have contact time (180 min), pH (4,8 and steady 6-10), temperature (333K) for an initial dye concentration of 60ppm using adsorbent dosage of 0.2g respectively. The adsorption capacity of CV, MB and MG dyes decreased with increasing CPP dosage, while there was increase with contact time and initial dye concentration. Eleven Isotherm parameters were tested with experimental data showed that CV, MB and MG dyes best fitted for Dubnin – Radushkevich, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption Kinetic were modelled with Pseudo first-order, Pseudo second-order, Weber- Morris Intra-Particle diffusion, Boyd, Elovich, and Bangham. The data fitted well with Pseudo second order kinetic model compared to other kinetic models with correlation coefficient of 0.9933, 0.9981 and 0.9953 for CV, MB and MG dyes respectively. Thermodynamic parameter such as ΔG, ΔS and ΔH were calculated using van’t hoff’s and Arrhenius equations. The adsorption of CV, MB and MG increased with decreasing temperature as the process was exothermic, spontaneous and favourable in nature. Finally, the process parameter of each adsorption system is useful for developing environmental management and modelling matrices to understand best suitable system.https://www.jchemlett.com/article_130201_d2a45db46eba0a6f580f0c820e2ca352.pdfEurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01232120210201Mesoporous SiO2-Al2O3: An Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of 4,5-dihydro-1,3,5-triphenyl-1H-pyrazole253213020210.22034/jchemlett.2021.274760.1022ENDeepak TotaramTaydeM.J.M. ACS College Karanjali, Tal-Peth, Dist Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
Savitribai Phule Pune University0000-0001-9187-4261Machhindra KarbhariLandeDepartment of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431004, IndiaJournal Article20210223Mesoporous SiO2-Al2O3 nano sized mixed metal oxide (MMO’s) used as a catalyst readily synthesized by hydrothermal method in high pressure autoclave. It shows highly efficient, recyclable and mild catalyst for the condensation reaction of substituted chalcone and phenyl hydrazine hydrate to obtain 4,5-dihydro-1,3,5-triphenyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives in excellent yields of product at short reaction times under simple experimental condition. The synthesized material particle size was controlled by CTAB as structure directing agent and calculated by BET Surface area. The structural characteristic of catalyst is identified by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM analysis. The acidic strength of catalyst was measured by Ammonia- Temperature Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD).https://www.jchemlett.com/article_130202_1133b23555deb18c4fae9af5ac2aa214.pdfEurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01232120210201Isolation and Structural analysis (Gas Chromatogarphy-Mass Spectrometry, Infra-red and Ultraviolet Spectroscopic) of leaf Ficus sycomorus Linn Moraceae334213185410.22034/jchemlett.2021.278290.1027ENMustapha AbbaTijjaniDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaKparev FFarnevDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaUsman BShamakiDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaJournal Article20210325Medicinal plants are plants that possess some natural constituents that produce a definite physiological action on human or animal systems. .).plants produce diverse arrays, of low molecular mass natural products known as secondary metabolites. These natural products may include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, tannins, steroids or phenols.This study was aimed at evaluating phytochemical constituents and characterization of the active principles using UV‚ FTIR and GC-MS spectroscopic techniques. The leaves of Ficus sycomorus were collected from Alau-Dam‚ Jere Local Government Area of Borno State‚ Nigeria. Seven hundred grams (700 g) of dry pulverized Ficus sycomorus leaves were extracted with 95% methanol using soxhlet extractor and a gummy dark green mass of 124.8 g crude extract was obtained‚ given a percentage yield of 17.83% w/w. The crude extract was subjected to antimicrobial evaluation. Eighty grams (80 g) of crude methanol extract was fractionated through column chromatography and twenty two (22) eluents of 100 mL aliquot were obtained. Similar fractions were then pooled on the basis of their Rf values on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and four (4) pooled fractions were obtained‚ coded as FA‚ FB‚ FC and FD. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation was carried out on the extracts using standard methods of analysis‚ and these investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids‚ carbohydrates‚ tannins‚ cardiac glycoside‚ cardinolides‚ saponins‚ terpenoids and flavonoids. Anthraquinones and combine anthraquinones were absent. Preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) of column fraction FC yielded four sub-fractions (coded C1‚ C2‚ C3 and C4) in which two (C1 and C3) having higher activity on the tested organisms were subjected to spectra analysis. The interpretation of the UV spectra of sub-fraction C1 revealed that‚ fraction C1 consist of absorption ƛmax at 650.60 nm and 503.00 nm which are similar to ƛmax of alkaloids. Also‚ the UV spectra of sub-fraction C3 revealed absorption ƛmax at 657.20 nm‚ 602.80 nm and 503.20 nm which are also similar to ƛmax of alkaloids. This observations were supported by the major functional groups present in their FTIR spectra‚ having bands at 3333.1 cm-1 which corresponds to N-H stretch in secondary amine‚ 1790 cm-1 corresponding to C=O stretch of ring carbonyl‚ 1427.37 cm-1 corresponding to C=C stretch of aromatic compounds and 2962.76 corresponding to C-H stretch methyl group. These sub-fractions were also subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the analysis of the result compared with NIST library revealed similar compounds. The compounds were‚ 2-Acetyl-3-methylaminocyclopentenone‚ 9-anthracenyltrimethylsilane‚ 6‚13-bis(2‚5-dimethylphenyl)-Dibenzo[C‚H]diazecine‚ 4’-dimethylamino-2’-(trimethylsilyl)acetanilide‚ 5-Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoylhydrazonefurfurole‚ 4-(3‚4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-thiazolamine and Cyclobarbital.https://www.jchemlett.com/article_131854_407cf1d239dde9dde8e909ab54b6e54b.pdfEurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01232120210201Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand metal(II) complexes with Schiff base and 8-hydroxyquinoline as ligands434913468710.22034/jchemlett.2021.292242.1034ENAbubakar Abdullahi AhmedDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria0000-0001-8684-1510Joy OlekaPeterDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaFatima Alhaji BalaNgaramuDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaJournal Article20210626Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) mixed ligand complexes have been synthesized from a Schiff base (L) obtained by the condensation reaction of acetophenone and 2-aminophenol, as primary ligand and 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) as secondary ligand. The Schiff base and metal(II) mixed ligand complexes were accordingly investigated using some physicochemical techniques. The Schiff base ligand was shiny brown crystalline solid obtained in low yield of 36.21 % with melting point of 240 oC. The metal(II) complexes were obtained as brown to deep brown coloured solids, air stable with decomposition temperature of 310 – 340 oC. The molar conductivity values of the complexes in dimethylformamide (DMF) was found to be 2.13 - 3.77 Ohm-1cm2mol-1 indicating their non-electrolytic nature. The determination of water of crystallization showed presence of 1½ uncoordinated water molecules in the Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes while 2 was estimated for Ni(II) complex. The infrared spectral data allude that, on complexation, the Schiff base ligand loses its phenolic hydrogen and coordinated bidentately to the metal(II) ions through deprotonated phenolic oxygen and imine nitrogen (HC=N-) as monobasic ligand. Similarly, HQ coordinated via deprotonated phenolic oxygen and quinoline nitrogen. The resultant data showed that the mixed ligand might be formulated as [ML(HQ)].nH2O exhibiting four-coordinate square planar geometry.https://www.jchemlett.com/article_134687_3ccd71a63706468d067897f3302e1a25.pdfEurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01232120210201Chemical composition of the Essential oil from stems, leaves and flowers of Salvia verticillate L.505513159010.22034/jchemlett.2021.276845.1026ENNavid SalehiDepartment of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20210308The water- distilled essential oil from stems, leaves and flowers of salvia verticillate L.<br />Were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. the major component of the flowers oil were <br />β-gurjunene(14.56%),δ-Elemene(9.01%), and 1,8- cineol(7.36%).<br />the main component in<br />The leaves oil were 1,8-cineol(20.14%), α-pinene(16.3%), δ-Elemene(10.38%), β-pinene<br />(9.13%) and β-gurjunene(5.36%).<br />The main constituent of the oil obtained from stems of the plant were 1,8-cineol(35.60%)<br />and β-pinen(6.87%) .https://www.jchemlett.com/article_131590_70943b53193c39450adc6a81b84d6621.pdf