Eurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01231220200701A review of the applications of bioproteins in the preparation of biodegradable films and polymers475811120010.22034/jchemlett.2020.111200ENSajad PirsaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 57561-51818, Urmia, IranKurush Aghbolagh SharifiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 57561-51818, Urmia, IranJournal Article20200727Environmental pollution due to the entry of synthetic polymers, plastics and non-degradable packaging materials into nature is one of the greatest dangers that threaten human life. Therefore, in recent years, the use of dietary proteins in the production of biodegradable films has intensified. Protein-based films have attracted a lot of attention because of their advantages, including their ability to be used in a variety of materials packaging. Protein films are used for small food packaging, especially special products such as beans, fruit kernels and cashews. Protein films can also be used to prevent spoilage and moisture migration in foods such as pizza, staples and candies. Protein films have good resistance to the passage of oxygen gas at low relative humidity and have good mechanical properties and turbidity. These films, like synthetic polymers, are used to package food, especially products that are individually packaged, such as beans, nuts, and peanuts. These films can be modified with antimicrobial and antioxidant agents to form bioactive films. Proteins such as corn husk, glutenin and gladin, soy protein, gelatin, collagen, meat myofibril, milk casein, milk whey protein and egg protein are widely used in the production of biodegradable polymers. In this review article, we have tried to study the properties of protein polymers and their applications.Eurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01231220200701Evaluation of physico-chemical quality and metallic contamination level of epikarstic seepage waters in forest zone596211342010.22034/jchemlett.2020.113420ENFatima ZahraBenhachemDepartment of chemistry, Faculty of exact sciences, University Djillali Liabes of Sidi Bel Abbes, AlgeriaDjamila HarracheDepartment of chemistry, Faculty of exact sciences, University Djillali Liabes of Sidi Bel Abbes, AlgeriaJournal Article20200703The present study is based on a quantification by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), of metallic trace elements (MTE) in karstic water collected in a subhumid cavity following the wet deposition corresponding to the leaching of the atmosphere by rainwater. Our choice focused on a forest site located in mid-mountain, at the level of the forest of Hafir, located 15 Km in the south west of the city of Tlemcen (Algeria) and near a road traffic. In the light of the analytical results obtained, the presence in high concentrations of certain heavy metals such as cadmium Cd and nickel Ni in the rainwater, lead Pb and cadmium Cd in snow is reported in high concentrations. These waters loaded by these MTE, were able to infiltrate in the walls of the cavity and contaminate the water of the karst. All-in the rainwater and snow were collected on the exterior surface of the cavity. However, after rainfall and runoff, the infiltration water loads in Pb (0.15 mg/l), and Ni (0.044 mg/l). <br />For the other MTE: Mn, Co, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ag and Fe, they were detected in karstic water, but at levels below WHO recommended standards. These contents may reflect the release of these elements from the sediments of the cavity, remitted in suspension during the precipitation occurring in this period.Eurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01231220200701Fullerene (C20) as a potential sensor for thermal and electrochemical detection of amitriptyline: A DFT study636811949310.22034/jchemlett.2020.119493ENMohammad Reza Jalali SarvestaniYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2903-977XZohreh DoroudiDepartment of Chemistry, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200917In this research, amitriptyline adsorption on the surface of fullerene C20 was studied by density functional theory computations. The calculated adsorption energies showed amitriptyline interaction with C20 is experimentally possible. The negative values of Gibbs free energy changes and great values of thermodynamic constants indicated the adsorption process is spontaneous. The negative values of adsorption enthalpy changes and the increase of specific heat capacity in the adsorption process revealed the interaction of amitriptyline with fullerene is exothermic and this nanostructure is an admissible sensing material for thermal detection of amitriptyline. The density of states (DOS) plots showed the bandgap of fullerene reduced from -32.13% from 7.145 (eV) to 4.849 (eV) when amitriptyline adsorbed on its surface. Therefore, C20 can be used as a sensor for electrochemical detection of amitriptyline. The influence of the temperature on the amitriptyline interaction with fullerene was also investigated and the results showed the adsorption process is more favorable in the lower temperatures.Eurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01231220200701QSAR Model for Prediction of some Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of Dengue Virus Serotype 4 NS5 using GFA-MLR Approach697611425810.22034/jchemlett.2020.114258ENSamuel NdaghiyaAdawaraDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.0000-0002-8789Gideon AdamuShallangwaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.0000-0002-0700-9898Paul AndrewMamzaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.Abdulkadir IbrahimDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.Journal Article20200904B3LYP/631G** basis set of DFT quantum mechanical method was used to optimize the molecular geometry of some non-nucleoside inhibitors of dengue 4 virus. Molecular descriptors were mined from the optimized structure and used along with their experimental inhibitory activity (pIC50) as the database for the study. Genetic function algorithm and multiple linear regressions were used to build a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship model. The statistically satisfactory quality of the model as evidenced by its validation parameters: R2 = 0.971, R2adj = 0.961, cRp^2 = 0.809 Q2 = 0.944 and R2pred = 0.627. Thus, the model can be used to predict the activity of new chemicals within its applicability domain. The Average Broto-Moreau autocorrelation - lag 1 / weighted by mass, Centered Broto-Moreau autocorrelation - lag 2 / weighted by Sanderson electronegativities, Coefficient sum of the last eigenvector from Barysz matrix / weighted by van der Waals volumes, nhigh lowest polarizability weighted BCUTS and Fraction of sp3 carbons to sp2 carbons are the descriptors that influenced the anti-dengue activity of the studied compounds. The information obtained from the model in this work can be employed to optimize the anti-dengue activity of the compounds.Eurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01231220200701Principle of Common-ion Effect and its Application in Chemistry: a Review.778311342110.22034/jchemlett.2020.113421ENPeter AYOGUDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology. Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Ebonyi State. Nigeria.0000-0003-0769-3316Matthew EzugwuDepartment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, 431124, Nigeria.Fabian EzeDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Nigeria.Journal Article20200827Common-ion effect is a shift in chemical equilibrium, which affects solubility of solutes in a reacting system. The phenomenon is an application of Le-Chatelier’s principle for equilibrium reactions that has become a regular occurrence in chemistry analysis and industrial researches. It is an important phenomenon that can be used in practice, to understand some reaction conditions that could favour an increased product formation. In Chemistry, its principle is thought to rely on its ability to exploit the availability of an ion present in each of the reacting compounds in a reacting system to suppress the solubility of one of the ionic substances upon contact with another ionic compound. Due to the precipitating effect of the presence of common-ions in equilibrium solutions, the common-ion effect is considered one of the factors that affect the solubility of a compound. The principle of common-ion effect applies in many chemical processes including those involved in buffering solutions, purification of salts, salting out of soap, precipitation of salts, manufacture of baking soda, water treatment and are frequently applied in many manufacturing industries including the pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, we performed a concise updated desk literature review on the principle of Common-ion effect with the view to provide a greater understanding of the concept and its importance in chemistry.Eurasian Science Society (ESS)Journal of Chemistry Letters2821-01231220200701Determination of levels of heavy metals and physicochemical parameters in waste water of Kasuwan shanu abattoir, Maiduguri848812027710.22034/jchemlett.2020.256531.1010ENAbdullahi IdiMohammedDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaAbubakar Abdullahi AhmedDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria0000-0001-8684-1510Titus ElishaDaudaDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaJournal Article20201109Sample of waste water from Kasuwan Shanu abattoir was collected for determination of levels of some heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Mn, Hg, Zn, Ni, Cr) and physicochemical properties. The sample was analyzed according to standard procedures. The results of the study revealed the order of the concentrations of the studied heavy metals as Ni > Zn > Mn = Hg > Cd > Fe > Cr. The levels of the heavy metals were above the permissible limits set by WHO except Fe, Mn and Zn which fall within acceptable limits. The physicochemical parameters were also within the permissible limit except turbidity and electrical conductivity values which stood at 34 FTU and 1784 µS/cm respectively, against the 5 and 1000 µS/cm standard limits for their discharge.